Didactics articulates theory with practice, talking about the educational process. John Amos Comenius was the one who coined the term "didactics" in his work 'Didactica Magna', developed in 1657. It is akin to other pedagogical disciplines such as, for example, school organization and educational orientation, Didactics aims to inform and guide the teaching and learning processes.
Comenius established a set of principles, which now are the bases of Didactics; some of them are:
• Respect to the learner's natural needs and interest.
• Reject physical punishment.
• Emphasize general principles before details.
• Present lessons in sequence.
• Avoid hurrying and pressuring students.
• Create pleasant classrooms.
Classification
According to some experts, it should be distinguished between:
General didactics: it focuses on defining systematic forms of teaching, between the social objectives of the school and the abilities of the students.
Specific didactics: it focuses on the methods for teaching and learning a specific subject.
Differential didactics: it takes into account the evolution and characteristics of the individual, so that the teaching is customized accordingly.
Components
The didactic act is made up by six components:
• The teacher: Person who promotes and guides learning,
• The student: Person to whom the teaching is directed.
• The learning objectives: Educational goals that reflect the learning achievements that are expected in the students.
• Matter: Contents that have to be taught and learned.
• The teaching methods: Procedures followed to promote learning. They answer the question of how to teach.
• The context of learning: Environment in which the teaching-learning process is carried out; It includes the social, cultural and geographical environments.
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